![]() ![]() In this review, we provide detailed insight into selected dietary phytochemicals found in apples, their onco-protective role in cancer, and their effect on different pathways implicated in cancer development and progression. flesh of the apple, the impact of the apple food matrix, and absorption and bioavailability of apple phytochemicals. These components include differences in the phytochemical concentration within the skin vs. However, translating this information into an appropriate intervention requires understanding of how the different components of apples contribute to their health benefit. There is a milieu of studies around the health benefits of apples including onco-preventive effects. Apples are an example of commonly available fruits worldwide that are a rich source of phytochemicals. Furthermore, diet and simple dietary changes incorporating fruits and vegetables can influence the risk of cancer. There is growing evidence that phytochemicals found in vegetables and fruits play a major role in cancer aetiology. To reduce cancer’s global health burden, it is necessary to promote both cancer treatment and cancer prevention. Data from GLOBOCAN show that cancers of the breast are the most commonly diagnosed followed by cancers of the lung, colorectal, and prostate. In 2020, cancer was the second leading chronic illness following cardiovascular disease, with an estimate of 19 million new cases and accounting for 10 million deaths per year, globally. Finally, we report on the latest findings from in vitro and in vivo studies highlighting some of the key molecular mechanisms targeted by apple phytochemicals in relation to inhibiting multiple ‘hallmarks of cancer’ that are important in the progression of cancer.Ĭhronic diseases including cancer continue to remain a public health burden globally. We further provide a comprehensive review of the main phytochemical patterns observed in apples and their bioavailability after consumption. In this review, we summarize the association of apple consumption with cancer incidence based on findings from epidemiological and cohort studies. ![]() Apple is a commonly consumed fruit worldwide that is available all year round and is a rich source of phytochemicals. Furthermore, extensive research shows that secondary plant metabolites known as phytochemicals, which are commonly found in fruits, have onco-preventive and chemo-protective effects. Epidemiological studies have strongly linked a diet high in fruits to a lower incidence of cancer. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. ![]()
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